---
title: We saw this from above; and looked at from above, how many a grief o… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: We saw this from above; and looked at from above, how many a grief of our own and of others can make us smile! Who acts: We, others, us. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Great Grief, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Great Grief, sentence 29

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We saw this from above; and looked at from above, how many a grief of our own and of others can make us smile!

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**Who acts:** We, others, us · **What happens:** see, look, make, smile · **To what, where:** this, many grief, us

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Great Grief. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, others, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:47:29
# text = We saw this from above; and looked at from above, how many a grief of our own and of others can make us smile!
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	above	above	ADV	RB	_	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	above	above	ADV	RB	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
25	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	smile	smile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | this |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 2 | **look** | past |  | a many grief of our own |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at above=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | can | others | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **smile** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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