---
title: The poor swineherd took these words to heart, for they were addresse… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The poor swineherd took these words to heart, for they were addressed to him; he knew not that there were others who were equally ignorant. Who acts: poor swineherd, origin, others. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Leaf From Heaven, with its dependency tree
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Leaf From Heaven, sentence 44

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The poor swineherd took these words to heart, for they were addressed to him; he knew not that there were others who were equally ignorant.

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**Who acts:** poor swineherd, origin, others · **What happens:** take, address, not know, be · **To what, where:** words, word, origin

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Leaf From Heaven. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor swineherd, origin, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:49:44
# text = The poor swineherd took these words to heart, for they were addressed to him; he knew not that there were others who were equally ignorant.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	swineherd	swineherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
23	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	ignorant	ignorant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the poor swineherd | this words |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 2 | **address** | past · passive |  | word | origin |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 3 | **not** **know** | past | origin |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **be** | past | others |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | others |  |  |  |  | equally, ignorant *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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