---
title: He had food, and he could also do something towards earning his livi… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He had food, and he could also do something towards earning his living; he took care of Mary's red cow, for he knew how to tend cattle and make himself useful. Who acts: boy, red cow. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had food, and he could also do something towards earning his living; he took care of Mary's red cow, for he knew how to tend cattle and make himself useful.

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**Who acts:** boy, red cow · **What happens:** have, do, earn, take, know, tend · **To what, where:** food, something, living, care, cattle, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, red cow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:5:11
# text = He had food, and he could also do something towards earning his living; he took care of Mary's red cow, for he knew how to tend cattle and make himself useful.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	towards	towards	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	earning	earn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
28	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	tend	tend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	ccomp	_	_
31	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	conj	_	_
34	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	33	obj	_	_
35	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | boy | food |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | could | boy | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **earn** | gerund | boy *not said here* | boy's living |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent living=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | past | boy | care of Mary's red cow |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme |
| 5 | **know** | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **tend** | to-infinitive |  | cattle |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |
| 7 | **make** | infinitive |  | boy |  |  |  | useful *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset himself=Product |
| 8 | **live** |  | boy |  |  |  |  |  | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 9 | **care** |  | Mary's red cow |  |  |  |  |  | nom care «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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