---
title: He was dirty and ugly, half-frozen and half-starved; he always looke… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He was dirty and ugly, half-frozen and half-starved; he always looked as if he never had enough to eat, which was really the case. Who acts: boy. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was dirty and ugly, half-frozen and half-starved; he always looked as if he never had enough to eat, which was really the case.

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**Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** be, freeze, starve, look, not have, eat · **To what, where:** case

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:5:22
# text = He was dirty and ugly, half-frozen and half-starved; he always looked as if he never had enough to eat, which was really the case.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	starved	starve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	17	advmod	_	_
17	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
23	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
29	really	really	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | boy |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **freeze** | participle | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **starve** | participle | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **look** | past | boy |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **not** **have** | past | boy |  |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **eat** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **is a** | past |  | the case |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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