---
title: "Heaven help us!" cried the boy at the helm, as the boat heeled over… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "Heaven help us!" cried the boy at the helm, as the boat heeled over and lay on its beam ends. Who acts: Heaven, boy, beam, boat. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Heaven help us!" cried the boy at the helm, as the boat heeled over and lay on its beam ends.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Heaven, boy, beam, boat · **What happens:** help, cry, heel over, lay, end, beam · **To what, where:** us, helm, boat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heaven, boy, beam, boat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:5:35
# text = "Heaven help us!" cried the boy at the helm, as the boat heeled over and lay on its beam ends.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	helm	helm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
17	heeled	heel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	over	over	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
21	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** *in a quote* | infinitive | Heaven |  | us |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the boy |  |  | the helm |  | as the boat | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **heel over** | participle |  | the boat *not said here* |  |  |  | over *property* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lay** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **end** | present | boat's beam |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 6 | **beam** |  | boat |  |  |  |  |  | nom beam «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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