---
title: Years passed; and for many summers the heath was covered with bloom;… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Years passed; and for many summers the heath was covered with bloom; in winter the snow rested upon it, and the rough winds blew across the ridge under which stood Ib's sheltered home. Who acts: Years, snow, rough winds, ridge. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Ib and Little Christina, sentence 159

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Years passed; and for many summers the heath was covered with bloom; in winter the snow rested upon it, and the rough winds blew across the ridge under which stood Ib's sheltered home.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Years, snow, rough winds, ridge · **What happens:** pass, cover, rest, blow, stand, shelter · **To what, where:** heath, ridge

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Ib and Little Christina. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Years, snow, rough winds, ridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:51:159
# text = Years passed; and for many summers the heath was covered with bloom; in winter the snow rested upon it, and the rough winds blew across the ridge under which stood Ib's sheltered home.
1	Years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	summers	summer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heath	heath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	bloom	bloom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	rested	rest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	across	across	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	under	under	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
33	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
34	Ib	Ib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	's	's	PART	POS	_	34	case	_	_
36	sheltered	shelter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	xcomp	_	_
37	home	home	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | Years |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the heath |  |  | summer | with bloom | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with bloom=Theme |
| 3 | **rest** | past | the snow |  |  | heath | winter |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon it=Location |
| 4 | **blow** | past | the rough winds |  |  | the ridge |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **stand** | past | the ridge |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **shelter** | participle | the ridge *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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