---
title: Some years have passed since the people who lived here cultivated th… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Some years have passed since the people who lived here cultivated these fields; they kept three sheep, a pig, and two oxen; in fact they maintained themselves very well, they had quite enough to live upon, as people generally have who are content with their lot. Who acts: people, fields. A sentence 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Ib and Little Christina, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some years have passed since the people who lived here cultivated these fields; they kept three sheep, a pig, and two oxen; in fact they maintained themselves very well, they had quite enough to live upon, as people generally have who are content with their lot.

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**Who acts:** people, fields · **What happens:** pass, live, cultivate, keep, maintain, have · **To what, where:** years, fields, three sheep, fact

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Ib and Little Christina. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, fields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:51:3
# text = Some years have passed since the people who lived here cultivated these fields; they kept three sheep, a pig, and two oxen; in fact they maintained themselves very well, they had quite enough to live upon, as people generally have who are content with their lot.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	since	since	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
11	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
31	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	30	obj	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
37	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	xcomp	_	_
41	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
45	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
47	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	49	nsubj	_	_
48	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
49	content	content	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	ccomp	_	_
50	with	with	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present · perfect · passive |  | some years |  |  | since the people |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |
| 2 | **live** | past | the people |  |  | here |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cultivate** | participle | the people *not said here* | this fields |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Product |
| 4 | **keep** | past | fields *= field* | three sheep |  |  |  | a pig *obl*; two oxen *obl* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |
| 5 | **maintain** | past | fields *= field* | fields *= field* |  | fact |  | well *property* | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 6 | **have** | past | fields *= field* |  |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **live** | to-infinitive | fields *= field* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **have** | present | people |  |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with people's lot; content *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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