--- title: Small as he was, the goats were placed in his care, and a good goat-… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics description: Small as he was, the goats were placed in his care, and a good goat-keeper should also be a good climber, and such Rudy was; he sometimes, indeed, climbed higher than the goats, for he was fond of seeking for birds'-nests at the top of high trees; he was bold and daring, but was seldom seen to smile --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/) / [I. Little Rudy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/) / 22 # Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 22 Small as he was, the goats were placed in his care, and a good goat-keeper should also be a good climber, and such Rudy was; he sometimes, indeed, climbed higher than the goats, for he was fond of seeking for birds'-nests at the top of high trees; he was bold and daring, but was seldom seen to smile, excepting when he stood by the roaring cataract, or heard the descending roll of the avalanche. **Who acts:** boy, good goat keeper, such Rudy · **What happens:** be, place, seek, dare, see, smile · **To what, where:** Small goats, care, good climber, top, descending roll, avalanche This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, good goat keeper, such Rudy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg27200:52:22 # text = Small as he was, the goats were placed in his care, and a good goat-keeper should also be a good climber, and such Rudy was; he sometimes, indeed, climbed higher than the goats, for he was fond of seeking for birds'-nests at the top of high trees; he was bold and daring, but was seldom seen to smile, excepting when he stood by the roaring cataract, or heard the descending roll of the avalanche. 1 Small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 2 as as SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 goats goat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 placed place VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 care care NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 16 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 17 goat goat NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 19 keeper keeper NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 20 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 21 also also ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 22 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 25 cop _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 climber climber NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 28 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 Rudy Rudy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 31 ; ; PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 33 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 37 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 indeed indeed ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 climbed climb VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 38 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 37 xcomp _ _ 39 than than ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 goats goat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 for for ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 44 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 45 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 46 fond fond ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 conj _ _ 47 of of SCONJ IN _ 48 mark _ _ 48 seeking seek VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 46 advcl _ _ 49 for for ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 50 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ' 's PART POS _ 50 case _ SpaceAfter=No 52 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 53 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 nests nest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 obl _ _ 54 at at ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 57 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 58 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 amod _ _ 59 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 56 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 60 ; ; PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 61 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 63 nsubj _ _ 62 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 63 cop _ _ 63 bold bold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 parataxis _ _ 64 and and CCONJ CC _ 65 cc _ _ 65 daring dare VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 63 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 66 , , PUNCT , _ 70 punct _ _ 67 but but CCONJ CC _ 70 cc _ _ 68 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 70 aux:pass _ _ 69 seldom seldom ADV RB _ 70 advmod _ _ 70 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 conj _ _ 71 to to PART TO _ 72 mark _ _ 72 smile smile VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 70 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 73 , , PUNCT , _ 74 punct _ _ 74 excepting except VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 72 advcl _ _ 75 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 77 advmod _ _ 76 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 77 nsubj _ _ 77 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 74 advcl _ _ 78 by by ADP IN _ 81 case _ _ 79 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 81 det _ _ 80 roaring roar VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 81 amod _ _ 81 cataract cataract NOUN NN Number=Sing 77 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 82 , , PUNCT , _ 84 punct _ _ 83 or or CCONJ CC _ 84 cc _ _ 84 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 77 conj _ _ 85 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 87 det _ _ 86 descending descend VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 87 amod _ _ 87 roll roll NOUN NN Number=Sing 84 obj _ _ 88 of of ADP IN _ 90 case _ _ 89 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 90 det _ _ 90 avalanche avalanche NOUN NN Number=Sing 87 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 91 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | boy | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **place** | past · passive | | the Small goats | | boy's care | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in care=Destination | | 3 | **is a** | should | a good goat keeper | a good climber | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | past | such Rudy | | | | | climb, high, indeed, sometimes *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is** | past | boy | | | | | fond *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **seek** | gerund | boy *not said here* | | | the top of high trees | | for birds's nests | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for nest=Theme at top=Location | | 7 | **is** | past | boy | | | | | bold *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **dare** | gerund | boy *not said here* | | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **see** | past · passive | such Rudy *not said here* | | | | | seldom *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: clause=Stimulus | | 10 | **smile** | to-infinitive | such Rudy *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **except** | gerund | such Rudy *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 12 | **stand** | past | boy | | | | | by the roaring cataract | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by cataract=Location | | 13 | **roar** | gerund | | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 14 | **hear** | past | boy *not said here* | the descending roll of the avalanche | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer roll=Stimulus | | 15 | **descend** | gerund | | | | | | | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 16 | **care** | | boy | | | | | | nom care «act intransitive»: poss=agent | | 17 | **roll** | | | the avalanche | | | | | nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/21/) - next →: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/23/) - ↑ back to [I. Little Rudy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/)