---
title: They cross snow-covered mountains, and travel through the deep valle… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: They cross snow-covered mountains, and travel through the deep valleys, or ascend for hours, higher and still higher, the valleys appearing to sink lower and lower as they proceed, and become as small as if seen from an air balloon. Who acts: glaciers, travel, valleys. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They cross snow-covered mountains, and travel through the deep valleys, or ascend for hours, higher and still higher, the valleys appearing to sink lower and lower as they proceed, and become as small as if seen from an air balloon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** glaciers, travel, valleys · **What happens:** cross, cover, ascend, appear, sink, proceed · **To what, where:** covered mountains, valleys, air balloon

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glaciers, travel, valleys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:52:7
# text = They cross snow-covered mountains, and travel through the deep valleys, or ascend for hours, higher and still higher, the valleys appearing to sink lower and lower as they proceed, and become as small as if seen from an air balloon.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cross	cross	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
9	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	ascend	ascend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	still	still	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
27	appearing	appear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	sink	sink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	29	xcomp	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	30	conj	_	_
33	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	proceed	proceed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	become	become	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
39	as	as	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	xcomp	_	_
41	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
42	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
43	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	advcl	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | present | glaciers *= glacier* | covered mountains |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ascend** | infinitive | travel through the deep valleys | the valleys |  |  | hour |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **appear** | gerund | the valleys *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **sink** | to-infinitive | the valleys *not said here* |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **proceed** | present | glaciers *= glacier* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **become** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **see** | participle |  |  |  | a air balloon |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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