---
title: Over the lofty summits of these mountains the clouds often hang like… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Over the lofty summits of these mountains the clouds often hang like a dark veil; while beneath in the valley, where many brown, wooden houses are scattered about, the bright rays of the sun may be shining upon a little brilliant patch of green, making it appear almost transparent. Who acts: clouds,
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 8

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Over the lofty summits of these mountains the clouds often hang like a dark veil; while beneath in the valley, where many brown, wooden houses are scattered about, the bright rays of the sun may be shining upon a little brilliant patch of green, making it appear almost transparent.

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**Who acts:** clouds, valley, it · **What happens:** hang, scatter, shine, make, appear, ray · **To what, where:** lofty summits, many brown wooden houses, little brilliant patch, sun

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clouds, valley, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:52:8
# text = Over the lofty summits of these mountains the clouds often hang like a dark veil; while beneath in the valley, where many brown, wooden houses are scattered about, the bright rays of the sun may be shining upon a little brilliant patch of green, making it appear almost transparent.
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	summits	summit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	veil	veil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	beneath	beneath	ADV	RB	_	21	advcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
23	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	30	advmod	_	_
24	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
25	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
27	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	_
31	about	about	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	aux	_	_
41	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	advcl	_	_
42	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
44	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
45	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
50	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	41	conj	_	_
51	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	conj	_	_
53	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
54	transparent	transparent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | the clouds |  |  | the lofty summits of this mountains |  | like a dark veil; often *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over summit=Location |
| 2 | **scatter** | present · passive |  | many brown wooden houses |  |  |  | the bright rays of the sun *obl*; about *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **shine** | may · progressive | the valley |  |  | a little brilliant patch of green |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon patch=Location |
| 4 | **make** | gerund | the valley *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **appear** | present | it |  |  |  |  | transparent *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **ray** |  |  | the sun |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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