---
title: They must have returned home by this time," said he to himself, "it… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: They must have returned home by this time," said he to himself, "it is already two days over the time which they fixed upon. Who acts: things, Rudy, longing. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, VI. the Visit to the Mill, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, VI. the Visit to the Mill, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They must have returned home by this time," said he to himself, "it is already two days over the time which they fixed upon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, Rudy, longing · **What happens:** return, say, be, fix · **To what, where:** Rudy, two days, time · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, VI. the Visit to the Mill. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things, Rudy, longing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:57:10
# text = They must have returned home by this time," said he to himself, "it is already two days over the time which they fixed upon.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
5	home	home	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	already	already	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	obj	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | must · perfect | things *= thing* |  |  |  | time | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Rudy |  | Rudy |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to himself=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present | longing | two days |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fix** | past | things *= thing* | the time |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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