---
title: Rudy sat motionless, as if he had been part of the stone on which he… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Rudy sat motionless, as if he had been part of the stone on which he sat. He held his gun ready to fire, with his eyes fixed steadily on the highest point of the cliff, where the eagle's nest lay concealed beneath the overhanging rock. Who acts: Rudy. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian And
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, VII. the Eagle's Nest, sentence 22

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Rudy sat motionless, as if he had been part of the stone on which he sat. He held his gun ready to fire, with his eyes fixed steadily on the highest point of the cliff, where the eagle's nest lay concealed beneath the overhanging rock.

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**Who acts:** Rudy · **What happens:** sit, be, hold, fix, conceal, overhang · **To what, where:** part, gun, eyes, highest point, nest, overhanging rock

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, VII. the Eagle's Nest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rudy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:58:22
# text = Rudy sat motionless, as if he had been part of the stone on which he sat. He held his gun ready to fire, with his eyes fixed steadily on the highest point of the cliff, where the eagle's nest lay concealed beneath the overhanging rock.
1	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	motionless	motionless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	sat.	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
18	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
29	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl	_	_
30	steadily	steadily	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	34	amod	_	_
34	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
39	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	45	advmod	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	's	's	PART	POS	_	41	case	_	_
43	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	acl:relcl	_	_
46	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	overhanging	overhang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	49	amod	_	_
49	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Rudy |  |  |  |  | motionless *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | Rudy | part |  |  |  | of the stone | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | past | Rudy | Rudy's gun |  | part |  | with Rudy's eyes; ready *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gun=Theme on which=Location |
| 4 | **fix** | participle |  | Rudy's eyes *not said here* |  | the highest point of the cliff |  | steadily *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **conceal** | past · passive |  | the eagle's nest |  | the overhanging rock |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient beneath rock=Location |
| 6 | **overhang** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **point** |  |  | the cliff |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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