---
title: Here he climbed the old linden-tree that stood near it, and began to… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Here he climbed the old linden-tree that stood near it, and began to imitate the voice of an owl, the only bird he could venture to mimic. Who acts: catastrophe, old linden tree. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, XI. the Cousin, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, XI. the Cousin, sentence 23

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Here he climbed the old linden-tree that stood near it, and began to imitate the voice of an owl, the only bird he could venture to mimic.

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**Who acts:** catastrophe, old linden tree · **What happens:** climb, stand, begin, imitate, venture, mimic · **To what, where:** old linden tree, tree, voice, only bird

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, XI. the Cousin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (catastrophe, old linden tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:62:23
# text = Here he climbed the old linden-tree that stood near it, and began to imitate the voice of an owl, the only bird he could venture to mimic.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	linden	linden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	near	near	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	imitate	imitate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	venture	venture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	mimic	mimic	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | catastrophe | the old linden tree |  | here |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | the old linden tree |  |  | tree |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near it=Location |
| 3 | **begin** | past | catastrophe *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **imitate** | to-infinitive | catastrophe *not said here* | the voice of a owl |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 5 | **venture** | could | catastrophe | the only bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **mimic** | to-infinitive | catastrophe *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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