---
title: Rudy shivered with cold; he was wet through to the skin; and his rin… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Rudy shivered with cold; he was wet through to the skin; and his ring was gone,--the betrothal ring that Babette had given him. Who acts: Rudy, ring. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, XII. Evil Powers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, XII. Evil Powers, sentence 58

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Rudy shivered with cold; he was wet through to the skin; and his ring was gone,--the betrothal ring that Babette had given him.

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**Who acts:** Rudy, ring · **What happens:** shiver, be, give · **To what, where:** betrothal ring

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, XII. Evil Powers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rudy, ring), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:63:58
# text = Rudy shivered with cold; he was wet through to the skin; and his ring was gone,--the betrothal ring that Babette had given him.
1	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shivered	shiver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
9	through	through	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	betrothal	betrothal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	Babette	Babette	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shiver** | past | Rudy |  |  |  |  | with cold | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | Rudy |  |  |  |  | to the skin; through, wet *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | Rudy's ring |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | the betrothal ring |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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