---
title: May beetles hummed, the bees murmured, the birds sang, each in his o… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: May beetles hummed, the bees murmured, the birds sang, each in his own way; the air was filled with the sounds of song and gladness. Who acts: beetles, bees, birds. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Last Dream of the Old Oak, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Last Dream of the Old Oak, sentence 74

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
May beetles hummed, the bees murmured, the birds sang, each in his own way; the air was filled with the sounds of song and gladness.

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**Who acts:** beetles, bees, birds · **What happens:** hum, murmur, sing, fill · **To what, where:** each, air

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Last Dream of the Old Oak. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beetles, bees, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:69:74
# text = May beetles hummed, the bees murmured, the birds sang, each in his own way; the air was filled with the sounds of song and gladness.
1	May	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hummed	hum	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	murmured	murmur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	gladness	gladness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hum** | may | beetles |  |  |  |  |  | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **murmur** *speech: other* | past | the bees |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the birds | each |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 4 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the air |  |  |  | with the sounds of song and gladness | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with sound=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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