---
title: "He is making fools of us," said they all; then the shoemakers took… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "He is making fools of us," said they all; then the shoemakers took their straps, and the tanners their leather aprons, and began to beat Great Claus. Who acts: bushel, shoemakers, tanners. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Claus and Big Claus, with its
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Little Claus and Big Claus, sentence 108

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"He is making fools of us," said they all; then the shoemakers took their straps, and the tanners their leather aprons, and began to beat Great Claus.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bushel, shoemakers, tanners · **What happens:** make, say, take, apron, begin, beat · **To what, where:** fools, straps, Great · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Claus and Big Claus. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bushel, shoemakers, tanners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:71:108
# text = "He is making fools of us," said they all; then the shoemakers took their straps, and the tanners their leather aprons, and began to beat Great Claus.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
5	fools	fool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	ccomp	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	shoemakers	shoemaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	straps	strap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	tanners	tanner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	aprons	apron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | present · progressive | bushel | fools of us |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fool=Product |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** | past | the shoemakers | shoemakers's straps |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strap=Theme |
| 4 | **apron** |  | the tanners |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **begin** | past | the shoemakers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **beat** | to-infinitive | the shoemakers *not said here* | Great |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location great=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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