---
title: The sun shone brightly, and the church bells were ringing merrily as… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The sun shone brightly, and the church bells were ringing merrily as the people passed by, dressed in their best clothes, with their prayer-books under their arms. Who acts: sun, church bells. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Claus and Big Claus, with 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Little Claus and Big Claus, sentence 7

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The sun shone brightly, and the church bells were ringing merrily as the people passed by, dressed in their best clothes, with their prayer-books under their arms.

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**Who acts:** sun, church bells · **What happens:** shine, ring, pass by, dress · **To what, where:** people, best clothes

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Claus and Big Claus. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, church bells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:71:7
# text = The sun shone brightly, and the church bells were ringing merrily as the people passed by, dressed in their best clothes, with their prayer-books under their arms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bells	bell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	ringing	ring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	merrily	merrily	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	23	amod	_	_
23	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
27	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
30	under	under	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | brightly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **ring** | past · progressive | the church bells |  |  |  |  | as the people; with bells's prayer books under bells's arms; merrily *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with book=Theme |
| 3 | **pass by** | participle |  | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **dress** | participle |  | the people *not said here* |  | bells's best clothes |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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