---
title: He had now become an old man, and was sitting, with his old wife, un… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He had now become an old man, and was sitting, with his old wife, under an elder-tree in full bloom. Who acts: boy. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Little Elder-tree Mother, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Little Elder-tree Mother, sentence 109

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He had now become an old man, and was sitting, with his old wife, under an elder-tree in full bloom.

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**Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** become, sit · **To what, where:** old man, elder tree

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Little Elder-tree Mother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:72:109
# text = He had now become an old man, and was sitting, with his old wife, under an elder-tree in full bloom.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	bloom	bloom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past · perfect | boy | a old man |  |  | now |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **sit** | past · progressive | boy *not said here* |  |  | a elder tree in full bloom |  | with boy's old wife | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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