---
title: On the banks she saw green hills covered with beautiful vines; palac… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: On the banks she saw green hills covered with beautiful vines; palaces and castles peeped out from amid the proud trees of the forest; she heard the birds singing, and the rays of the sun were so powerful that she was obliged often to dive down under the water to cool her burning face. Who acts: tur
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Little Mermaid, part 1, sentence 46

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the banks she saw green hills covered with beautiful vines; palaces and castles peeped out from amid the proud trees of the forest; she heard the birds singing, and the rays of the sun were so powerful that she was obliged often to dive down under the water to cool her burning face.

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**Who acts:** turn, birds, rays · **What happens:** see, cover, peep out, hear, sing, be · **To what, where:** green hills, banks, palaces, birds, turn, water

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Little Mermaid, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (turn, birds, rays), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:75:46
# text = On the banks she saw green hills covered with beautiful vines; palaces and castles peeped out from amid the proud trees of the forest; she heard the birds singing, and the rays of the sun were so powerful that she was obliged often to dive down under the water to cool her burning face.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	vines	vine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	palaces	palace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	peeped	peep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	amid	amid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
40	so	so	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	_
42	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
43	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
44	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	41	advcl	_	_
46	often	often	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
47	to	to	PART	TO	_	48	mark	_	_
48	dive	dive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	45	parataxis	_	_
49	down	down	ADP	RP	_	48	compound:prt	_	_
50	under	under	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	advcl	_	_
55	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	obj	_	_
56	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	54	advcl	_	_
57	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | turn | green hills |  | the banks |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hill=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | green hills *not said here* |  |  |  | with beautiful vines | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with vine=Theme |
| 3 | **peep out** | participle |  | palaces and castles *not said here* |  |  |  | from amid | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from amid=Theme |
| 4 | **hear** | past | turn | the birds |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus |
| 5 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | the birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | past | the rays of the sun |  |  |  |  | powerful *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **oblige** | past · passive |  | turn |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 8 | **dive down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the water |  | often *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under water=Location |
| 9 | **cool** | to-infinitive |  | turn |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent she=Patient |
| 10 | **burn** | gerund |  | face |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Theme |
| 11 | **ray** |  |  | the sun |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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