---
title: "Cold winter is coming," said the swallow, "and I am going to fly aw… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "Cold winter is coming," said the swallow, "and I am going to fly away into warmer countries. Who acts: Cold winter, swallow. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina, sentence 152

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"Cold winter is coming," said the swallow, "and I am going to fly away into warmer countries.

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**Who acts:** Cold winter, swallow · **What happens:** come, say, go, fly away · **To what, where:** warmer countries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cold winter, swallow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:79:152
# text = "Cold winter is coming," said the swallow, "and I am going to fly away into warmer countries.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	amod	_	_
22	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Cold winter |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the swallow |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the swallow *= swallow* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **fly away** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the swallow *= swallow* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into warmer countries *result*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into country=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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