---
title: "Farewell, farewell," said the swallow, with a heavy heart as he lef… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "Farewell, farewell," said the swallow, with a heavy heart as he left the warm countries to fly back into Denmark. Who acts: swallow, Maia. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/79/183/)

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina, sentence 183

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"Farewell, farewell," said the swallow, with a heavy heart as he left the warm countries to fly back into Denmark.

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**Who acts:** swallow, Maia · **What happens:** say, leave, fly back · **To what, where:** warm countries, Denmark · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Tiny or Thumbelina. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swallow, Maia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:79:183
# text = "Farewell, farewell," said the swallow, with a heavy heart as he left the warm countries to fly back into Denmark.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Farewell	farewell	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	farewell	farewell	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
23	back	back	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Denmark	Denmark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the swallow and a heavy heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leave** | past | Maia | the warm countries |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme |
| 3 | **fly back** | to-infinitive | Maia *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into Denmark *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into denmark=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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