---
title: He had a cold, which caused him to use his pocket-handkerchief conti… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He had a cold, which caused him to use his pocket-handkerchief continually; and yet he said he was obliged to accompany servant girls to their new places, and initiate them into their winter service. Who acts: owner, cold, girls. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Anders
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Mail-coach Passengers, sentence 80

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a cold, which caused him to use his pocket-handkerchief continually; and yet he said he was obliged to accompany servant girls to their new places, and initiate them into their winter service.

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**Who acts:** owner, cold, girls · **What happens:** have, cause, use, say, oblige, accompany · **To what, where:** cold, owner, pocket handkerchief, servant girls, new places, girls · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Mail-coach Passengers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (owner, cold, girls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:82:80
# text = He had a cold, which caused him to use his pocket-handkerchief continually; and yet he said he was obliged to accompany servant girls to their new places, and initiate them into their winter service.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
12	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	handkerchief	handkerchief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	continually	continually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	accompany	accompany	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	initiate	initiate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	into	into	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
38	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | owner | a cold |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |
| 2 | **cause** | past | a cold | owner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | to-infinitive | owner *not said here* | owner's pocket handkerchief |  |  |  | continually *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handkerchief=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | owner |  |  |  | yet |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **oblige** | past · passive |  | owner |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 6 | **accompany** | to-infinitive |  | servant girls |  | girls's new places |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent girl=Theme to place=Destination |
| 7 | **initiate** | infinitive |  | girls *= girl* |  | girls's winter service |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 8 | **service** |  | girls *= girl* |  |  |  |  |  | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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