---
title: He took the cross from the grave, and held it aloft, and now they ro… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He took the cross from the grave, and held it aloft, and now they rode through the air over the rustling trees, over the hills where warriors lay buried each by his dead war-horse; and the brazen monumental figures rose up and galloped forth, and stationed themselves on the summits of the hills. Who
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Marsh King's Daughter, part 5, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took the cross from the grave, and held it aloft, and now they rode through the air over the rustling trees, over the hills where warriors lay buried each by his dead war-horse; and the brazen monumental figures rose up and galloped forth, and stationed themselves on the summits of the hills.

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**Who acts:** perfume, rays, warriors, brazen monumental figures · **What happens:** take, hold, ride, lay, bury, rise up · **To what, where:** cross, grave, air, each, rays, summits

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Marsh King's Daughter, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (perfume, rays, warriors, brazen monumental figures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:87:3
# text = He took the cross from the grave, and held it aloft, and now they rode through the air over the rustling trees, over the hills where warriors lay buried each by his dead war-horse; and the brazen monumental figures rose up and galloped forth, and stationed themselves on the summits of the hills.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	rustling	rustling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	over	over	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
29	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	31	advmod	_	_
30	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
31	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
32	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	xcomp	_	_
33	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	obj	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
36	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
37	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
43	brazen	brazen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
44	monumental	monumental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
46	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
47	up	up	ADP	RP	_	46	compound:prt	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	galloped	gallop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	conj	_	_
50	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	stationed	station	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
54	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	53	obj	_	_
55	on	on	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	summits	summit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | perfume | the cross |  | the grave |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent cross=Theme from grave=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **hold** | past | perfume *not said here* | cross |  |  |  | aloft *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **ride** | past | rays *= ray* |  |  | the air | now | over the rustling trees; over the hills | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through air=Trajectory |
| 4 | **lay** | present | warriors |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **bury** | participle | warriors *not said here* | each |  |  |  | by perfume's dead war horse | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent each=Theme by horse=Destination |
| 6 | **rise up** | past | the brazen monumental figures |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **gallop** | participle | the brazen monumental figures *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **station** | past | perfume *not said here* | rays *= ray* |  | the summits of the hills |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme on summit=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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