---
title: Helga said she had often heard her singing on the wild moor, so she… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Helga said she had often heard her singing on the wild moor, so she determined to send a message by her. Who acts: Helga, nightingale. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Marsh King's Daughter, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Marsh King's Daughter, part 6, sentence 49

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Helga said she had often heard her singing on the wild moor, so she determined to send a message by her.

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**Who acts:** Helga, nightingale · **What happens:** say, hear, sing, determine, send · **To what, where:** nightingale, wild moor, message · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Marsh King's Daughter, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helga, nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:88:49
# text = Helga said she had often heard her singing on the wild moor, so she determined to send a message by her.
1	Helga	Helga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	moor	moor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	determined	determine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Helga |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | past · perfect | Helga | nightingale |  |  |  | often *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | Helga *not said here* |  |  | the wild moor |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on moor=Location |
| 4 | **determine** | past | nightingale |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **send** | to-infinitive | nightingale *not said here* | a message |  |  |  | by nightingale | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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