---
title: "Yesterday," said the Moon to me, "I looked down upon a small courty… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "Yesterday," said the Moon to me, "I looked down upon a small courtyard surrounded on all sides by houses. Who acts: Moon. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Second Evening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Second Evening, sentence 1

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"Yesterday," said the Moon to me, "I looked down upon a small courtyard surrounded on all sides by houses.

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**Who acts:** Moon · **What happens:** say, look down, surround · **To what, where:** me, small courtyard, sides · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Second Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:93:1
# text = "Yesterday," said the Moon to me, "I looked down upon a small courtyard surrounded on all sides by houses.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	down	down	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Moon |  | me |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to i=Recipient |
| 2 | **look down** *in a quote* | past | the Moon *= moon* |  |  |  |  | upon a small courtyard; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon courtyard=Theme |
| 3 | **surround** *in a quote* | participle |  | a small courtyard *not said here* |  | all sides |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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