---
title: Do say ah, Daddy, and keep your mouth open at the end, and lend me t… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Do say ah, Daddy, and keep your mouth open at the end, and lend me that tooth. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, sentence 23

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Do say ah, Daddy, and keep your mouth open at the end, and lend me that tooth.

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**What happens:** say, keep, lend · **To what, where:** mouth, end, tooth, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:10:23
# text = Do say ah, Daddy, and keep your mouth open at the end, and lend me that tooth.
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	aux	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Daddy	Daddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	iobj	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ah=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive |  | your mouth |  |  | at the end | open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme at end=Location |
| 3 | **lend** | infinitive |  | that tooth | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient tooth=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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