--- title: ‘Payah-kun,’ said the Eldest Magician, and he laughed and gave him h… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics description: ‘Payah-kun,’ said the Eldest Magician, and he laughed and gave him his blessing; and little Pau Amma scuttled over the side of the canoe into the water; and he was so tiny that he could have hidden under the shadow of a dry leaf on land or of a dead shell at the bottom of the sea. Who acts: Payah ku --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/11/122/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Just so stories](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/) / [The Crab That Played With the Sea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/11/) / 122 # Just so stories, The Crab That Played With the Sea, sentence 122 ‘Payah-kun,’ said the Eldest Magician, and he laughed and gave him his blessing; and little Pau Amma scuttled over the side of the canoe into the water; and he was so tiny that he could have hidden under the shadow of a dry leaf on land or of a dead shell at the bottom of the sea. **Who acts:** Payah kun, Kun, little Pau, Pau · **What happens:** say, laugh, give, scuttle, be, hide · **To what, where:** blessing, Kun, side, shadow, dry leaf · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Played With the Sea. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Payah kun, Kun, little Pau, Pau), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2781:11:122 # text = ‘Payah-kun,’ said the Eldest Magician, and he laughed and gave him his blessing; and little Pau Amma scuttled over the side of the canoe into the water; and he was so tiny that he could have hidden under the shadow of a dry leaf on land or of a dead shell at the bottom of the sea. 1 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Payah Payah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 kun kun NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 Eldest eld ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 10 amod _ _ 10 Magician Magician PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 17 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 iobj _ _ 18 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 blessing blessing NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 Pau Pau PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 24 Amma Amma PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 flat _ _ 25 scuttled scuttle VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 26 over over ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 canoe canoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 into into ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 37 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 so so ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 parataxis _ _ 41 that that SCONJ IN _ 45 mark _ _ 42 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 43 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 45 aux _ _ 45 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 advcl _ _ 46 under under ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 50 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 51 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 52 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 nmod _ _ 53 on on ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 55 or or CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 57 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 59 det _ _ 58 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 amod _ _ 59 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 conj _ _ 60 at at ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 64 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 65 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 66 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Payah kun | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **laugh** | past | Kun | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **give** | past | Kun *not said here* | Kun's blessing | Kun | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient blessing=Theme | | 4 | **scuttle** | past | little Pau | | | the side of the canoe | | into the water | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into water=Destination | | 5 | **is** | past | Pau | | | | | tiny *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **hide** | could · perfect | Pau | | | the shadow of a dry leaf on land or a dead shell | | at the bottom of the sea | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under shadow=Location | | 7 | **bless** | | Kun | | | | | | nom blessing «act transitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **shadow** | | | a dry leaf on land or a dead shell | | | | | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 121](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/11/121/) - next →: [sentence 123](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/11/123/) - ↑ back to [The Crab That Played With the Sea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/11/)