---
title: ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the bare… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the bare patch where she had eaten, and upon the place where she had sat down, and one became the great Indian Desert, and the other became the Desert of Sahara, and you can look them out on the map. Who acts: Eldest Magician, Magician, Cow
---

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# Just so stories, The Crab That Played With the Sea, sentence 20

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‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the bare patch where she had eaten, and upon the place where she had sat down, and one became the great Indian Desert, and the other became the Desert of Sahara, and you can look them out on the map.

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**Who acts:** Eldest Magician, Magician, Cow, one, other, you · **What happens:** say, breathe, eat, sit down, become, look out · **To what, where:** North, map · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Played With the Sea. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eldest Magician, Magician, Cow, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:11:20
# text = ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the bare patch where she had eaten, and upon the place where she had sat down, and one became the great Indian Desert, and the other became the Desert of Sahara, and you can look them out on the map.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Payah	Payah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	kun	kun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	Magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	21	advmod	_	_
19	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
27	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	30	advmod	_	_
28	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	sat	sit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	acl:relcl	_	_
31	down	down	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nsubj	_	_
35	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
37	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
38	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	Desert	Desert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	nsubj	_	_
44	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	Desert	Desert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	xcomp	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
51	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
52	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
53	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	conj	_	_
54	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	obj	_	_
55	out	out	ADP	RP	_	53	compound:prt	_	_
56	on	on	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Eldest Magician |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **breathe** | past | Magician |  |  |  |  | upon the bare patch; upon the place | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **eat** | past · perfect | Cow |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sit down** | past · perfect | Cow |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **become** | past | one |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **become** | past | the other |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **look out** | can | you | North |  | the map |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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