---
title: ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the fall… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the fallen trees and the still water, and they became the Everglades in Florida, and you may look them out on the map. Who acts: Eldest Magician, Magician, waters, you. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Playe
---

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# Just so stories, The Crab That Played With the Sea, sentence 23

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‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the fallen trees and the still water, and they became the Everglades in Florida, and you may look them out on the map.

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**Who acts:** Eldest Magician, Magician, waters, you · **What happens:** say, breathe, fall, become, look out · **To what, where:** Florida, waters, map · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Played With the Sea. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eldest Magician, Magician, waters, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:11:23
# text = ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the fallen trees and the still water, and they became the Everglades in Florida, and you may look them out on the map.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Payah	Payah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	kun	kun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	Magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	still	still	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Everglades	Everglade	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	xcomp	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Florida	Florida	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	out	out	ADP	RP	_	34	compound:prt	_	_
37	on	on	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Eldest Magician |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **breathe** | past | Magician |  |  |  |  | upon the fallen trees and the water | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **become** | past | waters *= water* |  |  |  |  | in Florida *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in florida=Result |
| 5 | **look out** | may | you | waters *= water* |  | the map |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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