---
title: ‘Kun?’ said All-the-Turtle-there-was. — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Kun?’ said All-the-Turtle-there-was. Who acts: Kun. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Played With the Sea, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, The Crab That Played With the Sea, sentence 25

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‘Kun?’ said All-the-Turtle-there-was.

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**Who acts:** Kun · **What happens:** say · **To what, where:** All · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Played With the Sea. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:11:25
# text = ‘Kun?’ said All-the-Turtle-there-was.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Kun	Kun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Turtle	Turtle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kun | All |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent all=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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