---
title: ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the sand… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the sand and the rocks, where they had fallen in the sea, and they became the most beautiful islands of Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and the rest of the Malay Archipelago, and you can look them out on the map! Who acts: Eldest Magician, 
---

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# Just so stories, The Crab That Played With the Sea, sentence 26

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‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the sand and the rocks, where they had fallen in the sea, and they became the most beautiful islands of Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and the rest of the Malay Archipelago, and you can look them out on the map!

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**Who acts:** Eldest Magician, Kun, rocks, rest · **What happens:** say, breathe, fall, become, look out · **To what, where:** sea, beautiful islands, rocks, map · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Crab That Played With the Sea. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eldest Magician, Kun, rocks, rest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:11:26
# text = ‘Payah kun,’ said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the sand and the rocks, where they had fallen in the sea, and they became the most beautiful islands of Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and the rest of the Malay Archipelago, and you can look them out on the map!
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Payah	Payah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	kun	kun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	Magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	24	advmod	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	34	advmod	_	_
34	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	xcomp	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	Celebes	Celebes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
43	Java	Java	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	compound	_	_
51	Archipelago	Archipelago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
54	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
55	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	56	aux	_	_
56	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	conj	_	_
57	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	obj	_	_
58	out	out	ADP	RP	_	56	compound:prt	_	_
59	on	on	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Eldest Magician |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **breathe** | past | Kun |  |  |  |  | upon the sand | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall** | past · perfect | rocks *= rock* |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |
| 4 | **become** | past | rocks *= rock* | the beautiful islands of Borneo and Celebes and Sumatra and Java |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **look out** | can | the rest of the Malay Archipelago | rocks *= rock* |  | the map |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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