---
title: The Butterfly was dreadfully frightened, but he managed to fly up to… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: The Butterfly was dreadfully frightened, but he managed to fly up to the hand of Suleiman-bin-Daoud, and clung there, fanning himself. Who acts: Butterfly. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Butterfly That Stamped, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, The Butterfly That Stamped, sentence 52

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The Butterfly was dreadfully frightened, but he managed to fly up to the hand of Suleiman-bin-Daoud, and clung there, fanning himself.

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**Who acts:** Butterfly · **What happens:** frighten, manage, fly up, cling, fan · **To what, where:** Butterfly

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Butterfly That Stamped. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Butterfly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:13:52
# text = The Butterfly was dreadfully frightened, but he managed to fly up to the hand of Suleiman-bin-Daoud, and clung there, fanning himself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Butterfly	Butterfly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	dreadfully	dreadfully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	managed	manage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	Suleiman	Suleiman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Daoud	Daoud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	clung	cling	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
25	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	fanning	fan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
28	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | past · passive |  | the Butterfly |  |  |  | dreadfully *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **manage** | past | Butterfly |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **fly up** | to-infinitive | Butterfly *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the hand of Suleiman bin Daoud *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to hand=Result |
| 4 | **cling** | participle |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn cling-22.5 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **fan** | gerund |  | Butterfly |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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