---
title: By means of a grating I have stopped your ating. — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: By means of a grating I have stopped your ating. Who acts: I. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Whale Got His Throat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, How the Whale Got His Throat, sentence 33

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By means of a grating I have stopped your ating.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** mean, stop · **To what, where:** ating

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Whale Got His Throat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:2:33
# text = By means of a grating I have stopped your ating.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grating	grating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	ating	ating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of a grating | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | present · perfect | I | your ating |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector ating=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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