---
title: He rubbed so much and so hard that he rubbed his skin into a great f… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: He rubbed so much and so hard that he rubbed his skin into a great fold over his shoulders, and another fold underneath, where the buttons used to be (but he rubbed the buttons off), and he rubbed some more folds over his legs. Who acts: Rhinoceros, buttons. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyar
---

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# Just so stories, How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin, sentence 29

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He rubbed so much and so hard that he rubbed his skin into a great fold over his shoulders, and another fold underneath, where the buttons used to be (but he rubbed the buttons off), and he rubbed some more folds over his legs.

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**Who acts:** Rhinoceros, buttons · **What happens:** rub, use, be · **To what, where:** fold, skin, great fold, more folds, legs

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rhinoceros, buttons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:4:29
# text = He rubbed so much and so hard that he rubbed his skin into a great fold over his shoulders, and another fold underneath, where the buttons used to be (but he rubbed the buttons off), and he rubbed some more folds over his legs.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
24	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	29	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
29	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
32	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
38	off	off	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
43	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
44	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	46	det	_	_
45	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	46	amod	_	_
46	folds	fold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	_
47	over	over	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | Rhinoceros | another fold |  |  |  | underneath *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rub** | past | Rhinoceros | Rhinoceros's skin |  | a great fold over Rhinoceros's shoulders |  | hard *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skin=Theme into fold=Destination |
| 3 | **use** | past | the buttons |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | Rhinoceros |  |  |  |  | rub *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **rub** | past | Rhinoceros | some more folds |  | Rhinoceros's legs |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fold=Theme over leg=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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