---
title: IN the days when everybody started fair, Best Beloved, the Leopard l… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: IN the days when everybody started fair, Best Beloved, the Leopard lived in a place called the High Veldt. Who acts: everybody, Best Beloved. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 1

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IN the days when everybody started fair, Best Beloved, the Leopard lived in a place called the High Veldt.

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**Who acts:** everybody, Best Beloved · **What happens:** start, live, call · **To what, where:** place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (everybody, Best Beloved), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:5:1
# text = IN the days when everybody started fair, Best Beloved, the Leopard lived in a place called the High Veldt.
1	IN	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
6	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	Best	Good	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	10	flat	_	_
10	Beloved	Beloved	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Leopard	Leopard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	Veldt	Veldt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | everybody |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **live** | past | Best Beloved |  |  | a place |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | a place *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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