---
title: At last they were so hungry that they ate rats and beetles and rock-… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: At last they were so hungry that they ate rats and beetles and rock-rabbits, the Leopard and the Ethiopian, and then they had the Big Tummy-ache, both together; and then they met Baviaan--the dog-headed, barking Baboon, who is Quite the Wisest Animal in All South Africa. Who acts: Giraffe, Baboon. A
---

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# Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 11

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At last they were so hungry that they ate rats and beetles and rock-rabbits, the Leopard and the Ethiopian, and then they had the Big Tummy-ache, both together; and then they met Baviaan--the dog-headed, barking Baboon, who is Quite the Wisest Animal in All South Africa.

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**Who acts:** Giraffe, Baboon · **What happens:** be, eat, have, meet, bark · **To what, where:** last, rats, Big Tummy ache, Baviaan, Baboon, Quite

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giraffe, Baboon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:5:11
# text = At last they were so hungry that they ate rats and beetles and rock-rabbits, the Leopard and the Ethiopian, and then they had the Big Tummy-ache, both together; and then they met Baviaan--the dog-headed, barking Baboon, who is Quite the Wisest Animal in All South Africa.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Leopard	Leopard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Ethiopian	Ethiopian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
29	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
30	Tummy	Tummy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	ache	ache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	nsubj	_	_
35	together	together	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	40	advmod	_	_
39	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
41	Baviaan	Baviaan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
44	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	headed	headed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
48	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	46	advcl	_	_
49	Baboon	Baboon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	53	nsubj	_	_
52	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	53	cop	_	_
53	Quite	Quite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	appos	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
55	Wisest	Wisest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	compound	_	_
56	Animal	Animal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	conj	_	_
57	in	in	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
58	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	60	det	_	_
59	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	60	compound	_	_
60	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Giraffe |  |  | last |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | past | Giraffe | rats and beetles and rock rabbits |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | past | Giraffe | the Big Tummy ache |  |  | then |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ache=Patient |
| 4 | **meet** | past | Giraffe | Baviaan |  |  | then |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baviaan=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **bark** | gerund | Giraffe *not said here* | Baboon |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent baboon=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | present | Baboon | Quite and the Wisest Animal in all South Africa |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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