---
title: (Say that quickly aloud, and you will see how very shadowy the fores… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: (Say that quickly aloud, and you will see how very shadowy the forest must have been.) Who acts: you. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 24

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(Say that quickly aloud, and you will see how very shadowy the forest must have been.)

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** say, see, have · **To what, where:** that, shadowy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:5:24
# text = (Say that quickly aloud, and you will see how very shadowy the forest must have been.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	shadowy	shadowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
16	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
17	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	parataxis	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | that |  |  |  | aloud, quickly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | future | you | shadowy |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shadowy=Stimulus |
| 3 | **have** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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