---
title: The Leopard and the Ethiopian hunted all day; and though they could… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: The Leopard and the Ethiopian hunted all day; and though they could smell them and hear them, they never saw one of them. Who acts: Leopard, Giraffe. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 40

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The Leopard and the Ethiopian hunted all day; and though they could smell them and hear them, they never saw one of them.

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**Who acts:** Leopard, Giraffe · **What happens:** hunt, smell, hear, not see · **To what, where:** words, Giraffe, one

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leopard, Giraffe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:5:40
# text = The Leopard and the Ethiopian hunted all day; and though they could smell them and hear them, they never saw one of them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Leopard	Leopard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Ethiopian	Ethiopian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
23	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past | the Leopard and the Ethiopian |  |  |  | day |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **smell** | could | Giraffe | words *= word* |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hear** | infinitive | Giraffe *not said here* | Giraffe |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **see** | past | Giraffe | one of words |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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