---
title: They haven’t any form--any of ‘em.’ — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: They haven’t any form--any of ‘em.’ Who acts: legs. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 50

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They haven’t any form--any of ‘em.’

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**Who acts:** legs · **What happens:** not have · **To what, where:** form

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (legs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:5:50
# text = They haven’t any form--any of ‘em.’
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	em	em	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present | legs *= leg* | any form |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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