---
title: So they sat down on them hard till bright morning-time, and then Leo… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: So they sat down on them hard till bright morning-time, and then Leopard said, ‘What have you at your end of the table, Brother?’ Who acts: legs, Leopard, you. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 51

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So they sat down on them hard till bright morning-time, and then Leopard said, ‘What have you at your end of the table, Brother?’

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**Who acts:** legs, Leopard, you · **What happens:** sit down, say, have · **To what, where:** Brother, end · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (legs, Leopard, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:5:51
# text = So they sat down on them hard till bright morning-time, and then Leopard said, ‘What have you at your end of the table, Brother?’
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
8	till	till	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
16	Leopard	Leopard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	obj	_	_
21	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Brother	Brother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** | past | legs *= leg* | Brother |  |  | time | on Giraffe | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on they=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Leopard |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  | at your end of the table |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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