---
title: IN the High and Far-Off Times the Elephant, O Best Beloved, had no t… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: IN the High and Far-Off Times the Elephant, O Best Beloved, had no trunk. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Elephant’s Child, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, The Elephant’s Child, sentence 1

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IN the High and Far-Off Times the Elephant, O Best Beloved, had no trunk.

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**What happens:** have · **To what, where:** trunk

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Elephant’s Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:6:1
# text = IN the High and Far-Off Times the Elephant, O Best Beloved, had no trunk.
1	IN	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
5	Far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Elephant	Elephant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	14	vocative	_	_
13	Best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	Beloved	Beloved	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past |  | no trunk |  |  |  | far *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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