---
title: Down sat Kangaroo--Old Man Kangaroo--stuck out his tail like a milki… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Down sat Kangaroo--Old Man Kangaroo--stuck out his tail like a milking-stool behind him, and said, ‘Thank goodness that’s finished!’ Who acts: Old Man Kangaroo. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Just so stories, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo, sentence 43

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Down sat Kangaroo--Old Man Kangaroo--stuck out his tail like a milking-stool behind him, and said, ‘Thank goodness that’s finished!’

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**Who acts:** Old Man Kangaroo · **What happens:** sit, stick out, say, thank, finish · **To what, where:** Kangaroo, tail, goodness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old Man Kangaroo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:7:43
# text = Down sat Kangaroo--Old Man Kangaroo--stuck out his tail like a milking-stool behind him, and said, ‘Thank goodness that’s finished!’
1	Down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	milking	milking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	stool	stool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	ccomp	_	_
26	goodness	goodness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past |  | Kangaroo |  |  |  | Old Man Kangaroo *obl*; down *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location kangaroo=Theme |
| 2 | **stick out** | participle | Old Man Kangaroo *not said here* | Kangaroo's tail |  |  |  | like a milking stool behind Kangaroo | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tail=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  | goodness |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodness=Theme |
| 5 | **finish** | present · passive |  | goodness |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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