---
title: I’ve made him different from all other animals; but what may I have… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: I’ve made him different from all other animals; but what may I have for my tea?’ Who acts: I. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo, sentence 59

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I’ve made him different from all other animals; but what may I have for my tea?’

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** have, make · **To what, where:** Dingo

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Sing-song of Old Man Kangaroo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:7:59
# text = I’ve made him different from all other animals; but what may I have for my tea?’
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’ve	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	obj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past | I | Dingo |  |  |  | different *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product |
| 3 | **have** | may | I |  |  |  |  | for my tea | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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