---
title: They are all overlapping now, instead of lying side by side.’ — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: They are all overlapping now, instead of lying side by side.’ Who acts: plates. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Beginning of the Armadillos, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, sentence 120

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They are all overlapping now, instead of lying side by side.’

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**Who acts:** plates · **What happens:** overlap, lie · **To what, where:** side

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Beginning of the Armadillos. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plates), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:8:120
# text = They are all overlapping now, instead of lying side by side.’
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	all	all	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	overlapping	overlap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	9	mark	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overlap** | present · progressive | plates *= plate* |  |  |  | now | all *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | plates *= plate* *not said here* | side |  |  |  | by side | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location side=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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