---
title: ‘And how is your dear gracious Mummy this morning?’ — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘And how is your dear gracious Mummy this morning?’ A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Beginning of the Armadillos, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Just so stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, sentence 136

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‘And how is your dear gracious Mummy this morning?’

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** dear gracious Mummy

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Beginning of the Armadillos. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:8:136
# text = ‘And how is your dear gracious Mummy this morning?’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Mummy	Mummy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | your dear gracious Mummy |  |  | morning |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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