--- title: ‘I told him truthfully that I was a truthful Tortoise, but he wouldn… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics description: ‘I told him truthfully that I was a truthful Tortoise, but he wouldn’t believe it, and he made me jump into the river to see if I was, and I was, and he is surprised. Who acts: I, Painted, me. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Beginning of the Armadillos, with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/8/62/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Just so stories](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/) / [The Beginning of the Armadillos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/8/) / 62 # Just so stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, sentence 62 ‘I told him truthfully that I was a truthful Tortoise, but he wouldn’t believe it, and he made me jump into the river to see if I was, and I was, and he is surprised. **Who acts:** I, Painted, me · **What happens:** tell, be, not believe, make, jump, see · **To what, where:** Painted, truthful Tortoise, sentence, me, river · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Beginning of the Armadillos. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Painted, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2781:8:62 # text = ‘I told him truthfully that I was a truthful Tortoise, but he wouldn’t believe it, and he made me jump into the river to see if I was, and I was, and he is surprised. 1 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 iobj _ _ 5 truthfully truthfully ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 7 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 truthful truthful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 Tortoise tortoise NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 14 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 15 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 16 n’t not PART RB Polarity=Neg 17 advmod _ _ 17 believe believe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 jump jump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 xcomp _ _ 25 into into ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 advcl _ _ 30 if if SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 35 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 36 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 41 surprised surprised ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | I | | Painted | | | truthfully *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | | 2 | **is a** | past | I | a truthful Tortoise | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **believe** | would | Painted | sentence | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **make** | past | Painted | me | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **jump** | infinitive | me *not said here* | | | | | into the river *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into river=Result | | 6 | **see** | to-infinitive | me *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **be** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | I | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **is** | past | I | | | | | surprised *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 61](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/8/61/) - next →: [sentence 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/8/63/) - ↑ back to [The Beginning of the Armadillos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/8/)