--- title: ‘Here is my Tegumai with his arm broken; here is a spear sticking in… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics description: ‘Here is my Tegumai with his arm broken; here is a spear sticking into his back; here is a man with a spear ready to throw; here is another man throwing a spear from a Cave, and here are a whole pack of people’ (they were Taffy’s beavers really, but they did look rather like people) ‘coming up behin --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/112/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Just so stories](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/) / [How the First Letter Was Written](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/) / 112 # Just so stories, How the First Letter Was Written, sentence 112 ‘Here is my Tegumai with his arm broken; here is a spear sticking into his back; here is a man with a spear ready to throw; here is another man throwing a spear from a Cave, and here are a whole pack of people’ (they were Taffy’s beavers really, but they did look rather like people) ‘coming up behind Tegumai. **Who acts:** Tegumai, spear, man, people · **What happens:** be, break, stick, throw, look, ‘ · **To what, where:** Tegumai, spear, back, man, Cave, whole pack This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the First Letter Was Written. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tegumai, spear, man, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2781:9:112 # text = ‘Here is my Tegumai with his arm broken; here is a spear sticking into his back; here is a man with a spear ready to throw; here is another man throwing a spear from a Cave, and here are a whole pack of people’ (they were Taffy’s beavers really, but they did look rather like people) ‘coming up behind Tegumai. 1 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 5 advmod _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 Tegumai Tegumai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 11 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 9 advmod _ _ 12 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 15 sticking stick VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 acl _ _ 16 into into ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 20 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 23 advmod _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 ready ready ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 acl:relcl _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 throw throw VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 31 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 47 advmod _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 33 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 34 det _ _ 34 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 35 throwing throw VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 34 acl _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 from from ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 Cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 31 conj _ _ 44 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 cop _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 46 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 47 pack pack NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 50 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 49 punct _ _ 51 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 56 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 52 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 nsubj _ _ 53 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 56 cop _ _ 54 Taffy Taffy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 55 ’s 's PART POS _ 54 case _ _ 56 beavers beaver NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 conj _ _ 57 really really ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 59 but but CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 60 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 62 nsubj _ _ 61 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 62 aux _ _ 62 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 47 parataxis _ _ 63 rather rather ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 64 like like ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 65 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 67 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 66 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 65 punct _ _ 67 ‘ ‘ VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 62 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 68 coming come VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 67 xcomp _ _ 69 up up ADV RB _ 68 advmod _ _ 70 behind behind ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 71 Tegumai Tegumai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 68 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 72 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | | my Tegumai | | here | | with Tegumai's arm | tree rules | | 2 | **break** | participle | | my Tegumai *not said here* | | here | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **is a** | present | my Tegumai | a spear and a whole pack | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **stick** | gerund | a spear and a whole pack *not said here* | | | Tegumai's back | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into back=Destination | | 5 | **is a** | present | | a man | | here | | with a spear | tree rules | | 6 | **throw** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **is** | present | another man | | | | | here *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **throw** | gerund | another man *not said here* | a spear | | a Cave | | | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent spear=Theme from cave=Initial\_Location | | 9 | **is a** | present | my Tegumai *not said here* | a whole pack | | | | of people and Taffy's beavers | tree rules | | 10 | **is a** | past | people | Taffy's beavers | | | | | tree rules | | 11 | **look** | past · do-support | people | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 12 | **‘** | present | people | | | | | | tree rules | | 13 | **come up** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | Tegumai | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind tegumai=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 111](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/111/) - next →: [sentence 113](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/113/) - ↑ back to [How the First Letter Was Written](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/)