---
title: I haven’t put in all the beavers, because I can’t draw beavers, but… — Just so stories · tree and pragmatics
description: I haven’t put in all the beavers, because I can’t draw beavers, but I’ve drawn their heads, and that’s all you’ll see of them when you cross the swamp. Who acts: I, you. A sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the First Letter Was Written, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Just so stories, How the First Letter Was Written, sentence 75

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I haven’t put in all the beavers, because I can’t draw beavers, but I’ve drawn their heads, and that’s all you’ll see of them when you cross the swamp.

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**Who acts:** I, you · **What happens:** not put in, not draw, draw, see, cross · **To what, where:** beavers, heads, swamp

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This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the First Letter Was Written. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Checked tree.** This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (`gutenberg:pg2781:495`): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2781:9:75
# text = I haven’t put in all the beavers, because I can’t draw beavers, but I’ve drawn their heads, and that’s all you’ll see of them when you cross the swamp.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beavers	beaver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
15	beavers	beaver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	’ve	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	nsubj	_	_
26	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	conj	_	_
28	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
33	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
34	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	cross	cross	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put in** | present · perfect | I |  | all beavers |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent beaver=Goal |
| 2 | **not** **draw** | can | I | beavers |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beaver=Theme |
| 3 | **draw** | present · perfect | I | beavers's heads |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | future | you |  |  |  |  | of beavers *= beaver* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **cross** | present | you | the swamp |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swamp=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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