---
title: He could leap upwards, but not forwards, and yet he leaped, for in e… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He could leap upwards, but not forwards, and yet he leaped, for in each rise he could see the twinkling waves, the rippling and curling waters. Who acts: light. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter XI, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter XI, sentence 15

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He could leap upwards, but not forwards, and yet he leaped, for in each rise he could see the twinkling waves, the rippling and curling waters.

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**Who acts:** light · **What happens:** leap, see, curl · **To what, where:** twinkling waves, rise, waters

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter XI. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:12:15
# text = He could leap upwards, but not forwards, and yet he leaped, for in each rise he could see the twinkling waves, the rippling and curling waters.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	forwards	forwards	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	leaped	leap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	twinkling	twinkling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	rippling	rippling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	curling	curl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
30	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | could | light |  |  |  |  | upwards *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leap** | past | light |  |  |  | yet | forwards *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | could | light | the twinkling waves |  | each rise |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wave=Stimulus |
| 4 | **curl** | gerund | light *not said here* | waters |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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