---
title: By this sign and this you will know if it is safe to do so, said Fia… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: By this sign and this you will know if it is safe to do so, said Fiacuil mac Cona; but in this place, with this sign on it and that, you must not venture a toe. Who acts: this, it, Fiacuil mac, you. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter VII, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter VII, sentence 13

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By this sign and this you will know if it is safe to do so, said Fiacuil mac Cona; but in this place, with this sign on it and that, you must not venture a toe.

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**Who acts:** this, it, Fiacuil mac, you · **What happens:** know, be, do, say, not venture · **To what, where:** toe, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter VII. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, it, Fiacuil mac, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:20:13
# text = By this sign and this you will know if it is safe to do so, said Fiacuil mac Cona; but in this place, with this sign on it and that, you must not venture a toe.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	Fiacuil	Fiacuil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	mac	Mac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
20	Cona	Cona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
35	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
36	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
38	venture	venture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | future | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | it |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Fiacuil mac |  |  |  |  | by this sign | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **venture** | must | you | a toe |  | this place |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent toe=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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